John i



(No Model.)

- J. 1. ASHBAUGEL.

ELECTRIC HEATER. 110.447,14). Patented Feb. 24,1891.

I1/mundo@ UNITE-D STATES TENT OEEICE.

JOI'IN I. ASIIBAUGII, OF OHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TODAVID G. CURTIS, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming ypart of Letters Patent N o. 447,143, datedFebruary 24,1891,

Application filed March l5, 1890. Serial No. 343,954. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN LASHBAUGH, a citizen-of the United States,residing at Chattanooga, in the county of Hamilton and State ofTennessee, have invented certain new and 4useful Improvements inElectric Heaters; and

I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

' clear, and exact description of the invention,

is a similar longitudinal section of a modified form of the same. Fig. 3is a cross-section. Fig. 4t is a detail view ot` the core made solid.Fig. 5 is a detail of the corrugated form of core.

Like letters ot reference designate corresponding parts throughout theseveral figures.

A denotes a bar, rod, brick, or piece of baked or hardened fire-clay orsimilar substance. It is made, preferably,'in a tubular or cylindricalform, since the core of which this fire-clay forms the central portionis principally intended for use in boiler-fines, although it may be usedas eiiiciently in any other form of heating by means of electricity. Thematerial of which this central bar, rod, or brick is composed may befireclay, pulverulent or solid, talc, silex, kaolin, asbestus,pluinbago, or any of the mixtures or compounds of these or other similarchemicals or substances which may be adapted for use in forming a rod,bar, or brick to make a central compound or solid to serve as a base onwhich to build the core. This cylindrical or other suitably-shaped baris generally compressed or baked. Its surface may be plain and slnooth,as shown in Fig. l, or it may be tinted, corrugated, or groovcd, asshown in Fig. 2, at A', the grooves being lettered a c. iVhen, baked orhardened in this form'` it is ready tov receive the surrounding wire Bdesignates a coilof wire which is wrapped-- closelyand tightlyaround thecentral fire-clay body or-core proper, as it may be termed, so as tocompletely surround the latter, as indicated at the left in Fig. l. Whenthe fireclay has a smooth external surface, the wire will be simplyWound in a tight coil around the exterior thereof; but when thisfire-clay is formed with the grooves A then the p strands ofthe wirecoil .will lie nicely within these grooves.

as, for instance, asbestus paper, pulverulent talc, fire-clay, or amixture or compound of?` suitable ingredients, designated in thedrawings by the letter C. The core as thus built is now ready forinsertion into the metallic tube, jacket, or envelope D, which forms apart ot the heating device and which may be a iiue or any externalmetallic incasement suitable to receive the core for heating purposes.Between the asbestns or other covering C and the surrounding met-alliecase D I place a suitable packing of pulverulent clay, clay-powder, orother suitable material. Of course kaolin or asbestus may be used as apacking, said packing being preferably a pulverulent packing. Thepacking for this annular Yspace maybe omitted, it preferred, and thecore inserted closely within the metallic tube. Thus it will be seenthat when the current of electricity passes through the IOO vffhich'coilpasses the electric current, and a ,l neem-conducting envelopesurrounding the :i said coil, said envelope preventing the conductionvof electricity.

2. In an electric heating device, the combi- -nation of the solid centerof clay or other .i similar material, the coil of wire wrapped closelyaround said center, through which `@cil passes the electric current, anexternal metallic casing adapted to radiate heat and .4 surrounding thesaid coil, and an intervening Vg,heat-conducting envelope between thecoil `ff'zgtnd the external case which envelo M (l D@ lf3 (lV"ion-.conductor of electricity.

i 5 3;In an electric heating device, the combi- :'lation of the centralpart of clay or similar equivalent material, the coil of lWire wrapped'closelyaboutsaid central part, through which coil passes `the electriccurrent., an envelope izo;- whiclfis a non-conductor of electricity,such l 'asjsbestug surrounding the wire coil, the l :external metall-icincasement 'surrounding "the whole device, `and the annular packing i,between the non-conducting envelope of asbestus'and the said metalliccasing, substantiallyis described.

, y 4-111 an electric heating device, the combination of the .solidcenterof clay er its equivalent having a fluted surface, the coil ofwire wrapped closely around said solid center, with its strands enteringthe surface iutings, through which coil passes the electric current, theheat-conducting envelope, which is a non-conductor of electricity,surrounding the said wire coil, the external metallic casing, and theannular packing between the envelope and the casing.

5. In an electric heating device, the combination of the central part A,of clay or similar material, formed into a solid bar without any centralopening, the coil of Wire B, surrounding the same, the envelope ofasbestus paper C, surrounding the wire coil, which envelope conductsheat hut is a non-conductor of electricity, and the metallic casi-ng D,adapted to receive and cont-ain the aforesaid parts and radiate the heatcommunicated thereto in consequence of the passage of the currentthrough the coil, all substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

I JOHN I. ASHBAUGH. Witnesses:

J. B. ALLIN, i D. G. CURTIS.

